Антидепресивна активність екстрактів з трави Calluna vulgaris L. (Hull.)

Topicality. Today, anxiety is becoming more urgent, due to the changes in social sphere, the intensity of life rhythm and other factors. Therefore, it is relevant to research new medicines based on medicinal herbal raw materials with anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects. The common heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.) as a prospective species for the Ericaceae family, is also used in many countries as a source of sedative, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agents.Aim. To investigate the water-alcohol and water extracts effect of heather grass on behavioral and emotional reactions in “Porsolt tests” and “Tail suspension test”.Materials and methods. The antidepressant effect of Calluna vulgaris L. extracts in “Tail suspension test” and “Porsolt’s” test studied.Results and discussion. In the “Tail suspension test” when the animals were administered with water-alcohol and water extracts, the total time of immobilization was reduced. The latent period of the first freezing during the introduction of water-alcohol extract was 1.25 times shorter than control. The latent period was longer in 1.14 times the control when the aqueous extract was administered. The total immobility at the administration of water-alcohol extract was the smallest (32.57 s). In the “Porsolt’s test” the water-alcohol extract of the Calluna vulgaris (L.) herb exhibits the highest antidepressant activity on the 1st and 3rd day of the experiment, as evidenced by the largest number of active swimming (190.29 s and 99.57 s) and the least time of immobilization (13.71 s and 15.14 s).Conclusions. Passive swimming time during the administration of the water-alcohol extract of the Calluna vulgaris (L.) herb was the smallest on the 1st day of the experiment (156 s). It has been established that water and water-alcohol extracts of Calluna vulgaris L. herb have antidepressant effect and are superior in activity to St. John’s wort.Актуальность. На сегодня проблема тревожности приобретает все большую актуальность, что связано с изменениями в социальной сфере, напряженностью ритма жизни и другими факторами. Поэтому актуальным является исследование новых лекарственных средств на основе лекарственного растительного сырья с противотревожным и антидепрессивным действием. Перспективным для исследования видом семьи Вересковые (Ericaceae) является вереск обыкновенный (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.), который используется во многих странах мира как источник седативных, противовоспалительных и противомикробных средств.Целью было исследование влияния водно-спиртового и водного экстрактов травы вереска обыкновенного на поведенчески-эмоциональные реакции в тестах «Порсолта» и «Подвеска за хвост».Материалы и методы. Изучено антидепрессивное действие экстрактов травы вереска обычного в тестах «Подвеска за хвост» та «Порсолта».Результаты и их обсуждение. В тесте «Подвеска за хвост» при введении животным экстрактов ЭТВ-Вс и ЭТВ-В уменьшалось суммарное время иммобильности. Латентный период первого зависания при введении экстракта ЭТВ-Вс был в 1,25 раза короче, чем контроль. Суммарная иммобильность при введении ЭТВ-Вс была наименьшей (32,57 с). В тесте «Порсолта» экстракт травы вереска обыкновенного ЭТВ-Вс проявляет наибольшую антидепрессивную активность в 1-й и 3-й день эксперимента, о чем свидетельствует большое число активного плавания (190,29 с и 99,57 с) и наименьшее время иммобилизации (13,71 с и 15,14 с). Время пассивного плавания при введении экстракта травы вереска обыкновенного ЭТВ-Вс было наименьшим в 1-й день эксперимента (156 с).Выводы. Установлено, что водный и водно-спиртовой экстракты травы вереска обыкновенного обладают антидепрессивным действием и превосходят по активности экстракт зверобоя.Актуальність. На теперішній час проблема тривожності набуває все більшої актуальності, що пов’язано зі змінами в соціальній сфері, напруженістю ритму життя та іншими факторами, тому актуальним є дослідження нових лікарських засобів на основі лікарської рослинної сировини з протитривожною та антидепресивною дією. Перспективним для дослідження видом родини Вересові (Ericaceae) є верес звичайний (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.), який використовується в багатьох країнах світу як джерело седативних, протизапальних та антимікробних засобів.Метою було дослідження впливу водно-спиртового та водного екстрактів трави вересу звичайного на поведінково-емоційні реакції в тестах «Порсолта» та «Підвішування за хвіст».Матеріали та методи. Вивчено антидепресивну дію екстрактів трави вересу звичайного в тестах «Підвішування за хвіст» та «Порсолта».Результати та їх обговорення. В тесті «Підвішування за хвіст» при введенні тваринам екстрактів ЕТВ-Вс та ЕТВ-В зменшувався сумарний час іммобільності. Латентний період першого зависання при введенні екстракту ЕТВ-Вс був в 1,25 рази коротшим за контроль. Сумарна іммобільність при введенні ЕТВ-Вс була найменшою (32,57 с). В тесті «Порсолта» екстракт трави вересу звичайного ЕТВ-Вс проявляє найбільшу антидепресивну активність на 1-й та 3-й день експерименту, про що свідчить найбільше число активного плавання (190,29 с та 99,57 с) та найменший час іммобілізації (13,71 с та 15,14 с). Час пасивного плавання при введенні екстракту трави вересу звичайного ЕТВ-Вс був найменшим в 1-й день експерименту (156 с).Висновки. Встановлено, що водний та водно-спиртовий екстракти трави вересу звичайного володіють антидепресивною дією і перевершують за активністю екстракт звіробою

The supernova-regulated ISM. II. The mean magnetic field

The origin and structure of the magnetic fields in the interstellar medium of spiral galaxies is investigated with 3D, non-ideal, compressible MHD simulations, including stratification in the galactic gravity field, differential rotation and radiative cooling. A rectangular domain, 1x1x2 kpc^{3} in size, spans both sides of the galactic mid-plane. Supernova explosions drive transonic turbulence. A seed magnetic field grows exponentially to reach a statistically steady state within 1.6 Gyr. Following Germano (1992) we use volume averaging with a Gaussian kernel to separate magnetic field into a mean field and fluctuations. Such averaging does not satisfy all Reynolds rules, yet allows a formulation of mean-field theory. The mean field thus obtained varies in both space and time. Growth rates differ for the mean-field and fluctuating field and there is clear scale separation between the two elements, whose integral scales are about 0.7 kpc and 0.3 kpc, respectively.Comment: 5 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Monthly Notices Letter

Evolution of low-mass star and brown dwarf eclipsing binaries

We examine the evolution of low-mass star and brown dwarf eclipsing binaries. These objects are rapid rotators and are believed to shelter large magnetic fields. We suggest that reduced convective efficiency, due to fast rotation and large field strengths, and/or to magnetic spot coverage of the radiating surface significantly affect their evolution, leading to a reduced heat flux and thus larger radii and cooler effective temperatures than for regular objects. We have considered such processes in our evolutionary calculations, using a phenomenological approach. This yields mass-radius and effective temperature-radius relationships in agreement with the observations. We also reproduce the effective temperature ratio and the radii of the two components of the recently discovered puzzling eclipsing brown dwarf system. These calculations show that fast rotation and/or magnetic activity may significantly affect the evolution of eclipsing binaries and that the mechanical and thermal properties of these objects depart from the ones of non-active low-mass objects. We find that, for internal field strengths compatible with the observed surface value of a few kiloGauss, convection can be severely inhibited. The onset of a central radiative zone for rapidly rotating active low-mass stars might thus occur below the usual \sim 0.35 \msol limit.Comment: to appear in A&A Letter

Relations of angiotensin-(1-7) with hemodynamic and cardiac structural and functional parameters in patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes

Background. The angiotensin-(1-7) is a new component of the renin-angiotensin system, the product of the degradation of angiotensin II and its functional antagonist, but its role in hypertension with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not clear. The aim of the study was to investigate the levels of angiotensin-(1-7) in patients with hypertension and T2D and determine its relations to hemodynamic and cardiac structural and functional parameters. Material and methods. We examined 70 patients with hypertension and T2D. Investigation protocol included physical examination, standard transthoracic echocardiography and determination of the angiotensin-(1-7) blood levels by ELISA. Control group consisted of 16 healthy volunteers. Results. The angiotensin-(1-7) levels in observed patients were significantly lower than in volunteers [105.51 (89.13;121.17) ng/L vs. 132.75 (125.06; 142.87) ng/L, p < 0.001]. The levels of the angiotensin-(1-7) significantly negatively correlated with duration of hypertension (r = –0.29, p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (BP) (r = –0.38, p < 0.05), diastolic BP (r = –0.36, p < 0.01), average BP (r = –0.32, p < 0.01), left ventricular (LV) internal dimension at end-diastole (r = –0.37, p < 0.01), LV mass (r = –0.40, p < 0.001), LV mass index (r = –0.41, p < 0.001). In patients with LV hypertrophy, angiotensin-(1-7) levels were significantly lower than in patients without LV hypertrophy [101.9 (88.2; 117.7) ng/L vs. 129.3 (117.5; 136.8) ng/L, p < 0.01] and in patients with diastolic LV dysfunction — lower than in the patients with normal diastolic function [101.1 (87.9; 116.6) ng/L vs. 121.1 (105.5; 128.9) ng/L, p < 0.01]. Conclusions. The angiotensin-(1-7) can be considered as an important pathogenetic factor in the development of hypertension with T2D, a BP regulator and a cardioprotective agent that prevents the development of remodeling and diastolic dysfunction of the LV

Analysis of observations and results of numerical modeling of meteorological parameters and atmospheric air pollution under weak wind conditions in the city of Tomsk

The results of calculation of meteorological parameters using a meteorological model, TSU-NM3, as well as prediction of some indices of atmospheric air pollution in the city of Tomsk obtained from a mesoscale photochemical model are presented. The calculation results are compared with observational data on the atmosphere and pollutants

A PMT-Block test bench

The front-end electronics of the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter (Tile Cal) is housed in a unit, called {\it PMT-Block}. The PMT-Block is a compact instrument comprising a light mixer, a PMT together with its divider and a {\it 3-in-1} card, which provides shaping, amplification and integration for the signals. This instrument needs to be qualified before being assembled on the detector. A PMT-Block test bench has been developed for this purpose. This test bench is a system which allows fast, albeit accurate enough, measurements of the main properties of a complete PMT-Block. The system, both hardware and software, and the protocol used for the PMT-Blocks characterisation are described in detail in this report. The results obtained in the test of about 10000 PMT-Blocks needed for the instrumentation of the ATLAS (LHC-CERN) hadronic Tile Calorimeter are also reported.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figure

Hadron Energy Reconstruction for the ATLAS Calorimetry in the Framework of the Non-parametrical Method

This paper discusses hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS barrel prototype combined calorimeter (consisting of a lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and an iron-scintillator hadronic part) in the framework of the non-parametrical method. The non-parametrical method utilizes only the known $e/h$ ratios and the electron calibration constants and does not require the determination of any parameters by a minimization technique. Thus, this technique lends itself to an easy use in a first level trigger. The reconstructed mean values of the hadron energies are within $\pm 1$ of the true values and the fractional energy resolution is $[(58\pm3)/\sqrt{E}+(2.5\pm0.3)$. The value of the $e/h$ ratio obtained for the electromagnetic compartment of the combined calorimeter is $1.74\pm0.04$ and agrees with the prediction that $e/h > 1.7$ for this electromagnetic calorimeter. Results of a study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development are also presented. The data have been taken in the H8 beam line of the CERN SPS using pions of energies from 10 to 300 GeV.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, Will be published in NIM

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson